Universal Scholars Journal of Business and Management Research
Universal Scholars Journal of Business and Management Research (US-JBMR) is an international, peer-reviewed, open-access journal committed to advancing knowledge in business, economics, and management. It serves as a platform for researchers, academicians, and practitioners to share innovative ideas, empirical findings, and case studies addressing today’s business challenges. The journal welcomes original research, reviews, and conceptual papers across diverse areas including strategy, marketing, finance, entrepreneurship, globalization, corporate governance, and sustainability. By encouraging interdisciplinary perspectives, US-JBMR aims to promote academic excellence, support evidence-based decisions, and contribute to the growth of business practices and sustainable development worldwide.
VALUE CREATION STRATEGY AND SALES PERFORMANCE OF SMALL AND MEDIUM SIZE EXPORTING FIRMS IN SOUTH-SOUTH NIGERIA
The study investigated the relationship between value creation strategy and sales performance of food and beverage exporting Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in the South-South geopolitical zone in Nigeria. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design. The questionnaire was the main instrument for data collection from a population consisting of 160 firms involved in exporting food and beverages. The sample was made up of managers and owners of the firms. The questionnaire was validated by experts drawn from the marketing department of the University of Nigeria, Nsukka. The reliability test result using Cronbach Alpha produced a value of 0.842. Both descriptive and inferential statistical tools were employed to analyze the data with Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) (version 21.0). The statistical results showed that customer-centricity strategy was critical in determining the outcome of sales performance of food and beverage exporting SMEs in South-South, Nigeria. The study concluded that customer-centricity as a value-creating strategy had a significant statistical influence on sales performance by food and beverage exporting SMEs in South-South Nigeria. Precisely, 70.0%, changes in sales performance were significantly predicted by customer-centricity. Therefore, this study recommended that food and beverage exporting firms should adopt customer-centricity as a marketing strategy instead of being product-centric.
Customer-Centricity, Sales Turnover, Repeat Purchase, Exporting SMEs, South-South Nigeria
Copyright (c) 2025 Universal Scholars Journal of Business and Management Research
BRAND INNOVATIVENESS AND CONSUMERS’ CHOICE FOR DECORATIVE PAINT IN THE SOUTH EAST, NIGERIA
The study investigated the influence of product innovation on consumer’s choice for decorative paint, in the South East, Nigeria. The major objective of the study was to: ascertain the effect of brand innovativeness on consumer’s choice of decorative paints. The instrument for data collection was questionnaire. The population was drawn from the contractors and painters operating in the three commercial cities in the three states chosen among the five states of the South East Nigeria. Due to the nature of the population, it could be described as being unknown and therefore a sample size of 384 was determined using Zigmund formula which is suitable for an unknown population. The result of statistical analysis revealed that brand innovativeness has a significant effect on consumer choice. It was concluded that the study has filled the gap in literature by providing the knowledge base that when brand innovativeness is improved for decorative paint; it increases consumer choice. It was therefore recommended among others that decorative paint companies should embark on product innovation initiatives in order to enlarge their loyal customer base.
Supply Chain, Information sharing, Customer relationship
SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AND OPERATIONAL PERFORMANCE OF LOGISTIC COMPANIES IN RIVERS STATE
This study examined the relationship between supply chain management practices and the operational performance of logistic companies in Rivers State. Contingency theory and resource-based view theory were adopted as the theoretical framework. The study focused on staff with full employment in logistic companies in Rivers State. Preliminary investigation revealed a total of two hundred and seventy-one (271) owners and operators of logistics companies in Rivers State. The determination of the sample size was done using the Krejcie and Morgan (1970) table and the result was 159 members of staff. Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient statistical tool and simple regression analysis were used to analyze the hypotheses with the aid of Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22. The findings revealed a positive and strong relationship between the variables i.e., (customer relationship, information sharing, and operational performance of logistic firms in River’s state). It was recommended that logistic companies should develop cordial relationships with their customers, and ensure free flow of information among different units and partners. This will enhance efficiency in terms of the cost of operating the business.
ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE AND BUSINESS GROWTH IN THE MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY IN NIGERIA
The research investigated the relationship between organizational structure and business growth in Nigeria is the manufacturing industry in Rivers State. In course of the research, two research questions were asked and two hypotheses were formulated and tested to ascertain the relationship between the two variables. The population of the study consisted of two hundred and fifty employees through whom a sample size of 187 was drawn with the use of Taro Yamene formula. Data was collected through questionnaire distribution and review of the literature. Data analysis was done with the application of descriptive, mean and standard deviation statistical tools. Findings revealed that there is a significant relationship between organisational structure and business growth in the manufacturing industry in Rivers State. The study, therefore, concluded that manufacturing industries should as a matter of necessity consider the inclusion of six key elements required in designing an organisation’s structure to enable the achievement of business growth.
Organisational Structure, Business Growth, Chain of Command, Formalisation
THE IMPACT OF THE EXPERIENTIAL CONTEXT ON THE CONSUMER’S EMOTIONAL REACTIONS AND BEHAVIOR: THE ROLE OF DIGITAL STIMULI
Shopping is not just about obtaining tangible products but also enjoyment and pleasure valuable benefits reflected in consumers' spending. Practical and theoretical concerns to examine how the experientialcontext features of retail stores stimulate consumers' enjoyment and pleasure. Previous studies examinethe effects of physical and social environments on shoppers' responses and behavior. However, these studies focus on a limited number of atmospheric variables (e.g., scent, lighting, background music) in order to examine the extent to which consumers react affectively or cognitively. The development of new technologies and the web advent have led distributors to use digital stimuli. They can be considered as the main levers for manipulating emotional states and triggering purchases. This article aims to conceptualize the new digital aids used by retailers in order to facilitate the choice and enrich the customers’ experience by providing them with information, reassuring them, saving them time,or entertaining them.
Digital, shopping experience, consumer behavior
MINDFULNESS AND EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT OF HOSPITALITY FIRMS IN RIVERS STATE
Whole some emotion and emotional attention of employees are evident when seeking mindfulness of such employees as it regards their engagement. This research work seeks to address issues relating to the mindfulness of employees in hospitality firms in Rivers State. Two hypotheses were stated and tested using Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient via SPSS of the ten hospitality firms. Ninety-nine (99) copies of the questionnaire were returned and analyzed out of the one hundred and fifteen (115) submitted. It was concluded that hospitality firms because of the sensitivity of the kind of services they render should incorporate mindfulness into the employee engagement process through employee emotional attention and wholesome emotion as this would drive the success of such firms. It was thus recommended that: Hospitality firms should make policies that would be with strict employee emotional attention emotion for it to find employees that are apt and suitable when engaging employees. Given that hospitality firms can only get the best out of their employees when they are properly engaged; these firms should employ ways to get the wholesome emotions of their employees as their mindfulness is considered.
Mindfulness, Employee engagement, whole some emotion, Emotional attention
Characteristic Analysis of Flipped Homes in Upper Arlington, Ohio: Average Square Footage, Duration and Year Built
House “flipping” is a trend that has caught the widespread attention of the public in recent years. Research papers and quality articles are currently available to potential house flippers are quite limited. There is very little scholarly research on house flipping. Many of the existing articles on the subject are low-level and not particularly useful (McLaughlin &Jobe, 2018). A study conductedby Depken, Hollans, and Swidler (2009)serves as a foundational model in academic research on information that relates to house flipping, while a corporate replication and expansion later conducted by McLaughlin andJobe(2018) further built upon their model. While both of these studies are very useful, they are difficult for the public to access, and the complexity of the information given makes them difficult for the average potential property investor to use. This paper attempts to rectify some of the current issues in the resources available to both researchers, as well as aspirational home flippers. This work includes an overview of house flipping, providing potential and current property investors with key information about issues of relevance to residential property investing today. This work then transitions to discussing a research study conducted by the authors that explore key characteristics of a home flip and explores property data in a midwestern suburb. This work reaffirms that the average flip property is smaller and older than the average non-flip home, and identifies an average ownership duration given the dataset and predetermined definition of a flip.
Customer Satisfaction, Customer retention, Customer trust, Customer care and Promise fulfillment
IMPACT OF CUSTOMER SATISFACTION ON CUSTOMER RETENTION: A STUDY OF CUSTOMERS OF SELECTED RESTAURANTS IN ENUGU METROPOLIS
The study examined the impact of customer satisfaction on customer retention of some selected fast food restaurants in Enugu metropolis. The research was conducted to provide empirical evidence on the relationship existing between customer satisfaction and customer retention to assist the management offast food restaurants in Enugu metropolis to initiatepoliciesand programs that will help them to continue to satisfy their customers. The specific objectives of the study was to examine the effects of trust, customer care, better communication, after sales service and promise fulfillment on customer retention in the fast food restaurants in Enugu metropolis. The research design used was the cross- sectional survey research design. The area covered by the study was Enugu metropolis and the instrument used was questionnaire that was confirmed using content validity and test-retest for reliability. The employed analytical techniques comprises of simple tables, percentages, simple regression in statistical package for social sciences (SPSS version 20) to analyze and treat the data collected. The results obtained from the study revealed that trust, customer care, better communication, after sale services and fulfilled promises have positive and significant effects on customer retention of fast food restaurants in Enugu metropolis. Basedon the findings, the study recommended that the managements of all the fast foodrestaurants in Enugu metro polis should deliver consistent, reliableand dependable services to their customers to gain their trust, provide adequate customer care to ensure that customers’ needs are met during and after the services are delivered, provide adequate and better communication networks to enable them collect and handle all complaints arising from product use, develop and maintain effective and efficient after sale services to ensure periodic calls and visit to keep customers informed of new offers and benefits and consistently re- evaluate performance against standard to ensure all promises made during the transaction are fulfilled. Customers are assets to every business organization and getting them satisfied after service use makesthem to be loyal to the organization.
Digital Payments and Consumer Perception: The Role of UPI and Financial Literacy in Emerging Economies
The digital transformation of financial services has introduced new opportunities for businesses and individuals to conduct fast, secure, and cost-effective transactions. Among these innovations, India’s Unified Payments Interface (UPI) has emerged as a remarkable success story, widely recognized as one of the fastest-growing digital payment systems in the world. This study examines the role of UPI in reshaping consumer perception, driving financial inclusion, and addressing the challenges of literacy and trust in digital finance. UPI has simplified everyday transactions by enabling real-time peer-to-peer and peer-to-merchant payments through mobile applications. Its popularity is based on speed, interoperability, and minimal transaction costs. However, adoption is not uniform. While urban, tech-savvy consumers use UPI frequently, rural and less literate populations often hesitate due to fears of fraud, lack of awareness, and limited technical knowledge. Research shows that financial literacy is a critical factor in building consumer trust and confidence in digital payments. Users with stronger digital skills and financial understanding demonstrate higher adoption rates and more positive perceptions of UPI. The study also highlights that merchant acceptance is a key driver of consumer adoption. Businesses, small retailers, and street vendors who accept UPI payments encourage customers to shift from cash to digital modes. Yet, challenges remain, including cybersecurity risks, unreliable internet connectivity in rural areas, and inadequate awareness campaigns. This paper argues that UPI is more than just a payment mechanism; it is a socio-economic tool that can reduce cash dependency, improve transparency, and promote financial inclusion. The success of UPI provides valuable lessons for other emerging economies aiming to expand digital finance sustainably.
UPI, Digital Payments, Consumer Perception, Financial Literacy, Financial Inclusion, India
Artificial Intelligence and Digital Marketing: Transforming Business Management Strategies
In the present digital age, business management is changing very fast with the help of new technologies. Among these, Artificial Intelligence (AI) and digital marketing have become the most important tools for companies to reach their customers, understand their needs, and make better decisions. This paper focuses on how AI is being used in digital marketing and how it is changing the way managers plan and run their businesses. AI tools like chatbots, product recommendations, and data analysis are helping companies to talk to their customers in real time, provide services more quickly, and create a more personal experience for every customer. At the same time, digital platforms and social media are giving businesses powerful ways to connect with large groups of people and collect useful information about their likes, interests, and buying habits. The study also looks at the benefits and challenges of using AI in business. While AI helps in saving time, improving customer satisfaction, and predicting future trends, it also raises concerns about data privacy, high costs, and the need for skilled workers. Overall, this research shows that a smart mix of AI and digital marketing can give businesses a strong advantage if used carefully and responsibly.
Artificial Intelligence, Digital Marketing, Business Management, Consumer Behavior, Social Media
The most popular social media application for messenger in Indonesia is WhatsApp. One of the new applications made in Indonesia is called Callind. This research will conduct an analysis study related to public opinion on the Callind application. The study analysis process starts from studying the literature, searching for public opinion data regarding WhatsApp and Callind applications, conducting an analytical study of public opinion data regarding the application and then make conclusions. The results showed that the Callind application review value (4.3) was almost the same as WhatsApp (4.4). However, the Callind application needs to be repaired and upgraded again due to several functions that are not running so that the Callind users experienced difficulties and felt uncomfortable using Callind. The features provided are expected to focus on the features associated with messengers.
STUDY ON PERCEPTION OF CITY GOVERNMENTS REGARDING INNOVATION IN FINANCING OF URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE
This paper aims to study the perception from city government regarding the financing innovation of city’s infrastructure. Cities need to provide basic infrastructure services—clean water, power and electricity, roads, public transit, sewage systems, telecommunications, schools, hospitals, to name a few — to support growth. Infrastructure is capital-intensive and expensive to build and, once built, lasts a long time. Apart from the fiscal aspect, the readiness of Indonesian cities to expedite urban infrastructure developments varies from one city to another. In this regard, city administrations need to increase the human resource capacity to support infrastructure development. With the high-demand of infrastructure provisions, high numbers of employees are needed to meet the demand as the current government priority sets ambitious targets in developing the infrastructure. There are dominant factors that hinder infrastructure development in Indonesian cities: Lack of financial capacity, matching private sector with financially viable projects, lack of capacity in human resources, regulatory and political risks, and land dispute and land acquisition. To overcome this, city governments need to innovate around financing methods in a highly regulated finance regime. Moreover, this study seek to understand the challenges faced by five Indonesian city governments in finding innovative ideas in financing the needed infrastructure.
OCB, organizational citizenship behavior, job satisfaction, General policy makers
EPISTEMOLOGICAL BENCHMARKS IN THE TEACHER'S ROLE
Alongside the importance of OCB and job satisfaction as key organizational behavior components, several demographic variables were found to moderate the relationships between these concepts.
THE QUESTION OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN ALGERIA BETWEEN THE WILL OF THE STATE AND REALITIES ON THE GROUND
Many economists have outlined the fact that the questions of growth, development, evolution are totally linked with the place of enterprises (notably the smallest ones) in the economy, meaning that entrepreneurship is dealing with the creation of this kind of enterprise, but also to resolve the fundamental problem of unemployment and to supply the government in many areas. For this, this subject has been completely abandoned and ignored by deciders in the Algerian case, and now with the changes in the world economy, the collapse of petrol prices and the role of entrepreneurs in the economy, the government is trying to reconsider its place in the national, but the main question remain if this decision is conform with the real environment and realities of domestic economy. That’s our concern in this paper that we try to examine deeply concerning the case of Algeria.
Entrepreneurship-Algeria-Markets-Management-Employment-Local environment.
LEVEL OF CUSTOMER SATISFACTION ON BANKING SERVICES IN INDONESIA
The development of the banking business in Indonesia has recently experienced ups and downs and has tended to decline, especially after the monetary crisis has been plagued since mid-1997, which has had an impact to date. Rivai and Veuthzal (2006: 11), state that almost all banks suffer from difficulties and experience problems due to this monetary crisis. Many banks were forced to liquidate, at least forced to take part in a sanitation or rescue program through recapitalization so that the bank's existence was temporarily saved. Unsatisfactory customers also contributed to the customer's mistrust of the banking system. Balton and Drew 1991; Oliva, Oliver and McMillan 1992 (Kelley and Turley, 2001: 162), state customer satisfaction is building a hidden with various indicators at the attribute level. In this study, the method we used was a questionnaire or questionnaire. The method we use to see employee satisfaction with bank services, with the aim of knowing the condition and service of the bank to customers. Very dissatisfied categories there are 0 of the 5 people options = 0%. The category is not satisfied there are 0 people from the option 5 people = 0%. The category is quite satisfied that there are 8 out of 5 options =1,6%, people. There are 31 satisfied categories of options 5 people =6,2% . Category Very satisfied there are 28 of the options 5 people = 5,6%.. Based on Table 2 above, out of 5 respondents, the bank employee service questionnaire as much as 6.2% was very satisfied, 5.6% were satisfied, and the remaining 1.6% were quite satisfied.
Indonesian Banking Customer Satisfaction Level.
CAPITAL AND PROFIT DIAGNOSTICS OF MICRO, SMALL, MEDIUM ENTERPRISES AND COOPERATIVES (A STUDY CASE OF LIVESTOCK FARMING IN MINAHASA REGENCY)
Higher Education Featured Applied Research (PTUPT) is carried out in the area of Minahasa Regency with a 9 month implementation time, starting from February to October 2018. Presurveys have been done to find out the general condition of the research area and the total number of micro, small, and medium enterprises (UMKM). The method used in this research is case study, looking at all aspects in detail that affect the Capital, Cost and Profit Diagnostics of Micro, Small, Medium Enterprises and Cooperatives of Livestock Farming in Minahasa Regency. Primary data is taken using sampling methods for micro, small, medium enterprises and cooperatives. Four samples in each sub-district area (10 sub-districts) have been collected, resulting 40 samples of total for the Minahasa Regency which was studied for 9 months in 2018. Data collecting is taken by using a checklist in accordance with the details prepared to obtain primary data from micro, small, medium enterprises and cooperatives (UMKMK). The data consists of business conditions, ownership, assets, capital, production, types of production, labor, costs, revenues, profits, and tabulations made in accordance with the details prepared to analyze the collected data. Data processing and data analysis methods are carried out using Financial and Economic Analysis and Balance Sheet Analysis. The results of this study are as follows: The diagnostics show that micro and small enterprises of livestock farming in Minahasa Regency are profitable. The results of the study also show that the use of the capital on livestock farming in Minahasa District is efficient and profitable. Business development is needed by advancing institutions, information technology, good management, and finally facilities and infrastructure.
Diagnostics, capital, profit, livestock farming
POLITICAL MARGINALIZATION AND POLITICS OF ROTATIONAL SYSTEM IN NIGERIA’S FOURTH REPUBLIC
This paper examined the phenomenon of political marginalization and politics of the rotational system in Nigeria's Fourth Republic. The concept of marginalization in relation to politics has been widely studied in both the literature and empirical studies. The study was guided by three objectives and three research questions. John Rawl’s theory of justice which emph on procedural method of distributing political rights and economic benefits was adopted. Descriptive quantitative survey was used for the study while one (1) Senatorial zone each was chosen – from Kwara and Kaduna States for the population of the study. Probability proportionate cluster sampling technique were used in distributing the questionnaire two hundred and fifty (250) research participants were sampled. Data were collected using both primary and secondary sources. The instrument for data collection were validated by team of supervisors and experts in Language and Statistics for content, face and construct validity. The reliability of the instrument was conducted through the use of Cronbach Alpha with the help of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0.data collected from respondents were analyzed by the descriptive and inferential statistical methods. The findings of the study revealed that: the political marginalization has not significantly motivated the politics of rotational system in Nigeria. Also, there are unequal distribution of public resources and economic benefits across the selected zones compared to the advantaged zones in Kwara and Kaduna States respectively. And that, population has no significant impact on the rotational system in Nigeria’s Fourth (4th) Republic The study made the following recommendation among others: Government at all levels should promote a comprehensive democratic culture with all its intricacies that can take Nigeria closer to the emergence of stable, meaningful, purposeful and beneficial polity. And also, No ethnic group in the country should be marginalized as political position should not the monopoly of one section.
Enlightening Minds: Promoting Education through Buddhist Principles in India
The goal of Buddhist education is to transform the personality into the highest form of humanity through moral, intellectual and spiritual perfection. These three abilities which complete human life undoubtedly lead man through worldly happiness to supramundane happiness which is the highest achievement that we all seek equally. Education is taught or expected to shape the character of a society. This article tries to discuss the teachings of Buddhism in ancient India. It is well known that the rise of Buddhism in India ushered in the golden age of Indian culture and civilization. The rise of Buddhism in India led to the establishment of many centers of learning that did not exist before. Buddhist education brought revolutionary changes in society. We still remember the glory of Nalanda University, Vikramshila University, Sonepuri University, Salwan University, Jagadhar University, Pandit Vihar University, and Taxila University etc. This article also emphasizes the important role of Buddhist monasteries in promoting education in India and other Asian countries.
Education, Buddhist Principles India, Enlightenment, Wisdom, Learning, Cultural Heritage, Holistic Development
The Challenges of Film to Become a Media of Communication of Development and Education
This paper raise the issue of film as a media of communication of development and education. It is relevant with the development of society and technology in which film are more easily made in the recent time. What is needed for a film to be the media of development and education is that it has positive messages. In this article an overview of film as media of communication and education is discussed using some relevant references. Positive as well negative impacts of film are identified, and also some challenges in the era of society 5.0 are pointed to fulfil the demand for a film. Finally a brief case study is presented to show how appreciation of film given by audiences on a documentary film.
economic motivation, psychological motivation, organizational-administrative motivation, job satisfaction.
Motivation in a Private University in Ghana: Lessons for Management.
This study was carried out at the Catholic University of Ghana, Fiapre (CUG), located in an agrarian community in Ghana. It establishes the relationship between motivation and job satisfaction.The study used a quantitative research approach to collect and analyze the respondents' data. The population of the study comprised all staff of the Catholic University of Ghana, Fiapre. The total numerical strength of the population was 118 respondents. The study used a convenient sampling technique to obtain a sample size of 91 respondents for the study. Closed-ended questionnaires were employed in the study. Data were analyzed using the means, standard deviation, and regression analyses. The study discovered that employees were not highly satisfied with the motivationin the institution, particularly, overtime payment and provision of transport for official duties. Finally, the study found that economic, psychological, and organization-administration motivation had a significant relationship with job satisfaction. The study recommended “inter alia” that the institution seriously and urgently considerenhancing motivation to meet employees’ expectations for greater output because of the strong positive significant relationship on job satisfaction.
Digitalization of Pesantren: Strategies for Existence in the Modern Era (A Multi-Case Study of Three Pesantren in East Java)
Pondok Pesantren is a unique and distinctive educational system in the Nusantara region. It is considered distinctive because pesantren exist only in Indonesia. It is also regarded as unique due to its special characteristics that are not found in other educational systems. Pesantren have proven their ability to maintain classical learning models up to the present day. Additionally, the leadership model of the *kiai* is considered to have its own uniqueness. Pesantren are perceived as complex institutions in terms of management, often appearing far from structured and orderly, yet they continue to exist and adapt to various historical dynamics. Entering the digital era, the rapid transformation in the field of education compels pesantren to implement strategic transformations to integrate education with digital technological advancements. This is essential to prevent the erosion of the core values and unique identity of pesantren while ensuring they remain relevant in the modern era. The digital era presents a significant challenge for pondok pesantren, while at the same time offering a golden opportunity to strengthen their existence. The dynamics of changing times, along with various transformations, have shaped pondok pesantren into resilient institutions that maintain their classical educational model while continuously evolving. The transformations occurring in this digital era will test the existence of pondok pesantren, as they have traditionally been associated with classical education and are often perceived as maintaining a distance from digital technology, which characterizes this era. It is crucial for pondok pesantren to respond positively to these changes so that they can remain strong and relevant as societal orientations continue to shift in line with technological advancements.To sustain their existence; pondok pesantren must strengthen themselves through strategic transformations by implementing relevant innovations that align with the demands of the times. This study examines the implementation of transformation strategies in three pesantren in East Java (Pesantren Al-Falah Ploso Kediri, Pesantren Al-Islahiyyah Mayan Kediri, and Pesantren Mamba’ul Hikam Mantenan Blitar). A qualitative approach with a multi-site design was applied in this research. Data collection techniques included participant observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The application of Miles and Huberman's data analysis techniques was compared with Johnny Saldana’s data condensation method. The findings indicate that the implementation of transformation strategies in pondok pesantren involves institutional transformation, teaching method adaptation, curriculum development, collective-collaborative leadership, and relevant management development aligned with the digital era. These strategies help accelerate the shift in societal orientation when choosing educational institutions. The study reinforces Clifford Geertz’s assertion that the kiai will continue to maintain their existence.
Existence Strategy, Pesantren Digitalization.
Copyright (c) 2024 Universal Scholars Journal of Business and Management Research
Canine Leptospirosis: How can I get up-to-date information on diagnosis and treatment?
Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease of worldwide distribution that commonly affects dogs and to a lesser extent cats, cows and pigs, is caused by free-living spirochetes Endo flagellates, the most common clinical signs of the disease are fever, acute kidney and liver failure, it is transmitted through contact of mucous membranes with contaminated urine, through venereal route and bites among other ways, it is reported throughout the world and especially in tropical and temperate areas where the presence of streams and water courses promote the activity of rodents that are asymptomatic carriers of the bacteria, the diagnosis is complicated by the variety of clinical signs that can occur and is achieved through laboratory tests such as the microscopic agglutination test (MAT), through indirect hemagglutination assays or through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and in urine cultures it can be identified by dark field microscopy and PCR. Hematological findings commonly include thrombocytopenia, vasculitis and endothelial damage caused by circulating bacteria. Platelet adhesion and activation of the coagulation cascade are also generated. Mild to moderate anemia may be found as a result of generalized inflammation of the system or due to blood loss at the level of the respiratory or gastrointestinal system. In the white series, leukocytosis with neutrophilia is present as a result of systemic inflammation. The disease is prevented through vaccination, which is useful but limited to the available serovars. The duration of immunity is one year, so it is recommended to revaccinate year after year. In puppies, it can be started from one month of age with a booster at 2 to 4 weeks. Treatment depends on the severity of the symptoms but is based on the use of antibiotics to reduce or eliminate the bacterial load. This document can help generate a collection of important data to understand the pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of leptospirosis. Using this methodology, valuable literature from different geographic areas can be investigated and the best guidelines for the management of leptospirosis cases can be compared, thus providing up-to-date information for use by veterinary medical professionals.
Teacher Education, Life-long learning, Professional development.
Polarization around the SDGs public university in central Mexico
Polarization in the media is a phenomenon classified as ambivalent and volatile because radical positions change to moderate and these to neutral. The objective of the study was to demonstrate this process in press releases and expert evaluations regarding the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). A documentary, cross-sectional, exploratory and retrospective work was carried out with a sample of press releases with national circulation and published from 2020 to 2023 headed with SDGs. The results verify the null hypothesis of significant differences between the theoretical structure with respect to the empirical observations. In relation to the literature consulted, the scope and limits of the study are discussed, as well as a local risk communication policy.
Agenda, COVID, Press Releases, SDGs, Polarization