International Journal of Educational Excellence and Innovation
The International Journal of Educational Excellence and Innovation, bimonthly, begun in 2024 publishes issues every month) The International Journal of Educational Excellence and Innovation, published by Universal Scholars and available at https://universalscholars.org/index.php/ijeei, is a prestigious academic publication committed to advancing innovative and practical research in education. The journal's interdisciplinary approach covers a wide range of topics, including educational technology, curriculum design, and teaching methods. With a focus on practical solutions, IJEEI is a valuable resource for educators and researchers seeking to apply the latest research findings in the classroom.
Parental Involvement and Students’ Discipline in Public Secondary Schools in the Centre and Littoral Regions of Cameroon
The study was carried out to investigate Parental Involvement and Students’ Discipline in Public Secondary Schools in the Centre and Littoral Regions of Cameroon. The mixed method research design was adopted for the study. The accessible population of the study comprised of principals, guidance counsellors and students in 10 public secondary schools in six-sub-divisions in the Mfoundi Division in the Centre Region and Wourri Division in the Littoral Region of Cameroon. The sample size of the study consisted of 400 teachers, 10 principals and 10 guidance counsellors. The participants were sample using the stratified, purposive, random sampling and convenient sampling techniques. Questionnaire and interview guide were the instruments adopted for the study. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical tools. The descriptive statistical tools used were frequency count, percentages, mean, standard deviation and multiple set while qualitative data derived from interview were analyzed using the thematic analysis approach with the aid of themes and quotation. Statistically, findings showed that there is a significant and positive relationship between parental involvement and students’ discipline (R-value 0.511**, p-value < 0.001). The positive sign of the correlation value denotes that students’ discipline will increase more if parents are adequately involved in discipline issues that concern their children and this was supported with a very high predictive explanatory power of 81.9% (Cox and Snell = 0.819). Based on the findings, it was recommended that; parents work cooperatively with other stakeholders of education to influence the improvement and education of their children. Parents should assist with school work, involve in extracurricular activities and do follow up with teachers concerning their children.
Parents, Parental Involvement, Students’ Discipline
Copyright (c) 2025 Ngefor Azeh Lucy, Zinkeng Njingwa Martina, Ngemunang Agnes Ngale Lyonga (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
MENTAL HEALTH MATTERS: Exploring its impact on academic performance of students in public senior secondary schools in Kano state
The aim of this research is to explore the relationship between students’ mental health and their academic performances in Kano state public senior secondary schools. The study adopted descriptive survey research design where 46 schools were selected using cluster sampling technique at the initial stage where we have 23clusters considering the 23 zonal education directorate has grouped the schools in to clusters, and then systematic random sampling technique was adopted to obtain the number of school selected.The total population of the students in the schools selected is 41,458 where the researcher used Krejcie and Morgan (1970) population and sample table to draw the sample size of the students which translated to 380 students. The instrument for data collection is a self developed close ended question naire designed by the researcher titled students’ mental health scale (SMHS) with YES or NO options. The data collected was analyzed using simple percentage and correlation coefficient with the aid of SPSS. The result shows that the majority of the students have moderate mental health problems, and there is a very weak positive correlation between students’ mental health and their academic performances in public senior secondary schools in Kano state.
Mental health, academic performance, senior secondary school, students.
Copyright (c) 2025 ZULAIHA M. A. (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Crisis Management and Cultural Change in the Greek School: A Theoretical Overview
This article explores the intricate interplay between crisis management and cultural transformation in the context of the Greek educational system, with a particular emphasis on the impact of systemic crises—including economic downturns, social unrest, and public health emergencies (e.g., the COVID-19 pandemic). These multifaceted crises have not only exacerbated pre-existing structural weaknesses within Greek schools but have also acted as catalysts for a broader re-evaluation of prevailing educational paradigms. Through a critical review of empirical research, government policy documents, and case studies, the paper highlights how crisis conditions reveal the limitations of centralized educational governance and underscore the urgent need for more adaptive, resilient, and inclusive educational practices. The analysis supports the argument that sustainable educational reform in Greece hinges on a cultural shift within schools—one that promotes decentralized decision-making, teacher agency, student voice, and active community participation. In proposing a paradigm shift in school culture, the article draws attention to innovative practices in school leadership, collaborative pedagogies, and crisis-informed educational planning. Ultimately, it calls for a reimagining of the Greek school as a dynamic, participatory, and socially responsive institution capable of withstanding and adapting to future crises.
Greek educational system, crisis management, school culture, cultural transformation, decentralized governance, teacher empowerment, inclusive education, resilience, systemic crisis, community engagement, educational reform, participatory leadership, post-crisis education, policy analysis.
Copyright (c) 2025 Evaggelia Zotou, HOU (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
ATTENTION AND FOCUSIN THE CONTEXT OF MOBILE LEARNING: A SCALE DEVELOPMENT STUDY
Mobile learning is defined as the realization of learning functions in multiple contexts, independent of time and place, with the help of electronic devices. Mobile devices that can be used in education include smartphones, tablet computers, PDAs, laptops or other portable computers, personal digital assistants, audio players, portable game consoles, portable drives and wearable electronic devices. Today, a significant portion of the world's population owns these devices, particularly smartphones and mobile internet access. The use of mobile technology and mobile devices in education is increasing interest in mobile learning. Mobile learning provides individuals with the opportunity for personalization, flexibility, and independence, thanks to the portable features of mobile devices and their facilitation of social interaction and communication. In this context, mobile learning applications significantly support learning.Mobile learning allows all segments of society (low-income and high-income, educated and uneducated) to easily access information. Mobile learning provides students with the convenience of studying without the limitations of time and place. In addition, because students can learn at their own pace, they can understand the subjects better and continue learning. To achieve success in these areas, attention and focus are critical variables for mobile learning. In mobile learning environments, attention and focus are key to a successful learning process for students. In light of all these, this study aims to introduce a scale with proven validity and reliability titled “Attention and Focus Scale in the Context of Mobile Learning” to the literature based on research popularity and need. A total of 300 students studying in relevant departments of vocational schools of a state university in Türkiye were identified as the sample group of the study. The scale development process consisted of three stages: (1) Exploratory Factor Analysis, (2) Replication of Exploratory Factor Analysis with a Different Sample, and (3) Confirmatory Factor Analysis. Based on the analysis results, the scale consisted of 20 items and 5 sub-dimensions. These subdimensions were labeled "external and internal distractions," "focus duration," "tasking management," "self-regulation" and "motivational focus".The scale's internal consistency was calculated using Cronbach's alpha, and the results obtained from this data set were found to have high reliability. As a result, it is anticipated that the developed scale will contribute to the literature and can be used as a sample data collection tool for researchers who will conduct studies on the relevant subject.
Mobile Learning, Attention, Focus, Validity, Reliability, Scale Development.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ezgi Pelin YILDIZ (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Bridging The Gap: Why, How, And When HR Analytics Can Impact Organizational Performance
The revolutionary potential of HR analytics in bridging the gap between organizational performance and human capital management is examined in this study. This study attempts to show how data-driven insights can optimize HR operations and contribute to better business outcomes by looking at the "why," "how," and "when" of HR analytics. The study will look into how HR analytics affects hiring, retention, employee engagement, and workforce productivity in general, as well as how these factors affect organizational success. It will also examine the crucial times when HR analytics initiatives have the most effects and pinpoint the main facilitators and obstacles to effective deployment. This study will offer a thorough grasp of how HR analytics may be strategically used to improve employee performance through a combination of theoretical analysis, case studies, and actual data. The research explores the why by identifying the growing demand for evidence-based HR practices, the need to optimize workforce efficiency, and the importance of aligning talent management with strategic priorities. It then addresses the how by examining the tools, techniques, and frameworks used in HR analytics, including predictive modeling, dashboards, KPIs, and AI-driven insights. Special emphasis is placed on data collection, processing, and interpretation within the HR context. The when component focuses on critical periods when HR analytics proves most beneficial—such as during organizational change, high attrition, talent shortages, or performance gaps. Through case studies, industry reports, and survey data, the thesis identifies the internal and external conditions that amplify the effectiveness of HR analytics interventions. Findings reveal that successful implementation depends on several enablers, including leadership support, organizational readiness, data literacy, and technological infrastructure. The study also uncovers barriers such as data privacy concerns, resistance to change, and lack of analytical skills within HR departments.
Copyright (c) 2025 Deepshikha Gupta (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Effective Strategies for HR Risk Management
The research aims to explain and describe how HR involvement in risk management results in positive outcomes for an organization. The paper follows a deductive structure by reviewing the current state of knowledge about the topic, selecting suitable theories and creating a model to be tested empirically. The theoretical approach revolves around the interconnectivity of the concepts of risk management, human resources management, decision-making processes and change management. The result of the analysis of specific theories is a model containing a risk management framework. The model is applied to check its validity and reliability in three different case studies. The first two cases contain qualitative analysis of secondary and tertiary data. The third case was built by gathering primary data through semis-structured interviews and participant observation. The data is analyzed using interpretative coding and the template application methods. The empirical results show that the model is valid, meaning that the fundamental assumptions on which it was developed are reliable as well. The answer to the research question is that the involvement of people in the organization creates a strong culture. The risk culture is the most valuable competitive advantage that makes the important difference between bankruptcy and maintaining a leadership position.
Copyright (c) 2025 ANURADHA YADAV (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
To stay ahead of the competition and successfully engage their target audience in the digital age, e-commerce giants like Flipkart have made online advertising their top priority. This study seeks to offer a thorough analysis of Flipkart's approach across several platforms, targeting tactics, message techniques, performance indicators, budget allocation, and competition landscape by delving into the intricacies of them. In order to reach its target demographic, Flipkart uses a multipronged strategy for internet advertising. Platforms such as social media networks (Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter), search engines (Google Ads), and display networks are part of this, in addition to the company's own website and mobile app. To maximize exposure and interaction with its target audience, Flipkart diversifies its presence across many media. Flipkart uses a wide variety of ad types, from static display advertisements to more engaging forms including video commercials, carousel ads, and sponsored posts. Ads with appealing creatives, such as eye-catching images, convincing content, and obvious calls to action, enhance these formats. By keeping its branding consistent across all of its commercials, Flipkart is able to strengthen its narrative and increase brand identification among consumers. In order to provide targeted advertisements to specific demographics, Flipkart uses advanced targeting algorithms. Among these methods are psychographic targeting based on hobbies, habits, and past purchases, and demographic targeting based on gender, age, and geographic region.
Flipkart, online advertising, digital marketing, ad formats, targeting strategies, performance metrics, budget allocation, competitive analysis, brand visibility, customer engagement, e-commerce.
Copyright (c) 2025 Surya Pratap Singh (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
MARKETING STRATGIES AI & ML IN E- COMMERCE FACEBOOK
In the rapidly evolving landscape of e-commerce, the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) technologies has emerged as a pivotal force in shaping marketing strategies. This abstract explores the multifaceted applications of AI and ML in e-commerce marketing and their profound impacts on customer engagement, conversion optimization, and overall business success. AI and ML algorithms empower e-commerce platforms to deliver personalized and dynamic experiences to consumers. Through data analysis and predictive modeling, these technologies enable businesses to segment their target audience more effectively, identify valuable insights from vast datasets, and anticipate consumer behavior with greater accuracy. By leveraging AI-powered recommendation systems, e-commerce companies can offer tailored product suggestions to individual users, thereby enhancing user experience and driving higher conversion rates. Furthermore, AI-driven automation streamlines various marketing processes, including ad targeting, content optimization, and customer support. Automated bidding algorithms optimize advertising spend by adjusting bid amounts in real-time based on performance metrics, while chatbots powered by natural language processing (NLP) provide instant assistance to customers, improving satisfaction and retention
Copyright (c) 2025 SHRISTI PASWAN (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Awareness of side effects of application of HR Analytics
The integration of Human Resource (HR) analytics into organizational decision-making has significantly enhanced the ability to manage workforce-related challenges through data-driven insights. However, alongside its numerous benefits, the application of HR analytics also brings potential side effects that may impact employees, organizational culture, and ethical standards. This study explores the level of awareness among HR professionals and organizational stakeholders regarding these side effects, such as privacy concerns, data misuse, employee surveillance, reduced trust, and bias in algorithmic decision-making. By assessing awareness levels, the research aims to highlight the gaps in understanding the ethical and social implications of HR analytics. The findings suggest that while many organizations embrace analytics for strategic gains, awareness of its potential negative consequences remains limited. The study emphasizes the need for transparent policies, ethical guidelines, and continuous training to ensure responsible use of HR analytics that aligns with both organizational goals and employee well-being.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ankita Gupta (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
IMPACT OF FINTECH ON TRADITIONAL BANKING IN INDIA
This study investigates the evolving landscape of the Indian financial services sector by examining the impact of Financial Technology (FinTech) on traditional banking institutions. FinTech innovations such as digital wallets, peer-to-peer lending platforms, robo-advisors, and blockchain-based solutions are redefining customer expectations and business models. By analyzing both quantitative data and qualitative insights from industry professionals and consumers, this study identifies how FinTech influences service efficiency, customer satisfaction, cost structures, and competitive strategies in traditional banks. The findings reveal that while FinTech poses a disruptive challenge, it also creates collaborative opportunities for banks to adapt and evolve. The paper concludes with strategic recommendations for banks to integrate FinTech solutions and remain relevant in the digital age.The research meticulously examines how FinTech influences traditional banks' service delivery efficiency, customer engagement and satisfaction, internal cost structures, and overall competitive strategies. The findings reveal that while FinTech presents significant disruptive challenges, compelling traditional banks to reassess long-established business models, it concurrently generates substantial opportunities for collaboration, innovation, and strategic adaptation. This thesis argues that successful navigation of this digital transformation necessitates a proactive integration of FinTech solutions, fostering an ecosystem of co-opetition rather than pure competition. The study concludes with a set of strategic recommendations for Indian traditional banks to leverage FinTech to enhance their resilience, drive digital innovation, and maintain relevance in an increasingly digitized financial services sector.
Copyright (c) 2025 Vinit singh (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
IMPACT OF REMOTE WORK ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE AND ENGAGEMENT IN THE IT SECTOR
This thesis explores the impact of remote work on employee performance and engagement in the IT sector. With the rise of remote work, especially after the COVID-19 pandemic, many IT companies have shifted to flexible work-from-home models. The study examines how working remotely affects productivity, motivation, communication, job satisfaction, and teamwork among IT professionals. Data was collected through surveys and interviews with employees from various IT companies. The results show that remote work brings both benefits and challenges. On one hand, employees enjoy flexible hours, better work-life balance, and less stress from commuting. These factors often lead to higher job satisfaction and improved performance. On the other hand, issues like isolation, communication problems, and lack of supervision can reduce engagement over time. The study concludes that the success of remote work depends on good management, strong communication tools, and supportive company policies. When these are in place, remote work can be highly effective for both employees and organizations. This research helps IT companies understand how to better support their remote workforce and improve performance and engagement in the long term.
Copyright (c) 2025 SHIVANGI (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Comparative Analysis of Investment Opportunities in Stock Market and Cryptocurrency
This research paper explores the comparative investment potential of traditional stock markets and the emerging cryptocurrency sector. The growing interest in cryptocurrencies has sparked debate regarding their role in a modern investment portfolio. With the rise of digital assets such as Bitcoin and Ethereum, investors are keen to understand how these compare with established investment vehicles like equities. This paper aims to bridge that gap by examining historical performance, risk-return profiles, market behavior, regulatory differences, and investor sentiment. The objective is to provide a balanced view of both asset classes, helping investors and financial analysts make more informed decisions about their capital allocation strategies.
Copyright (c) 2025 Shiv Pratap Singh Rathore , Dr. Ruchi Atri (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ESG INVESTMENTS AND TRADITIONAL MUTUAL FUNDS IN INDIA: RISK, RETURN AND INVESTOR PERCEPTION
This research explores the rising trend of ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) investing in India and compares the performance of ESG mutual funds with traditional equity mutual funds in terms of risk, return, and investor perception. With the increasing emphasis on sustainability, Indian investors are becoming more conscious of the ethical impact of their investments. This thesis employs a mixed-method approach, utilizing quantitative analysis of financial returns and qualitative analysis through investor surveys. The study reveals that ESG funds offer comparable returns with slightly better risk-adjusted performance while appealing to investors who prioritize sustainability and ethical investing. The research also highlights the challenges and opportunities within the ESG landscape in India and proposes recommendations for mutual fund managers and regulators. ESG—short for Environmental, Social, and Governance—is no longer just a global investing buzzword. It’s shaping how Indian investors view their portfolios. This research dives deep into how ESG mutual funds compare to traditional mutual funds in India, looking closely at how they perform, the risks they carry, and what investors think about them. Using both numbers (CAGR, Sharpe ratios, etc.) and opinions (surveys, interviews), we find that ESG funds, while not always the top performers, offer a safer and more sustainable path for investors who care about ethics, stability, and long-term value. Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) investing is rapidly emerging as a significant financial trend globally, and India is beginning to follow suit. This thesis aims to conduct a rigorous comparative analysis of ESG mutual funds versus traditional mutual funds in India by examining multiple dimensions: return performance, risk metrics, regulatory support, and investor perception. The study uses a dual-method approach—quantitative data for fund performance (CAGR, Sharpe ratio, and standard deviation) and qualitative data through investor surveys (n=120) and expert interviews (n=3). The study reveals that ESG funds, while slightly lagging in raw returns, offer more stable performance, greater investor trust, and alignment with long-term sustainability goals. This thesis concludes that ESG funds are poised to become a major investment category in India, provided regulatory bodies, asset managers, and investors continue to engage collaboratively.
Copyright (c) 2025 Arshad khan (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
THE FINTECH EVALUATION AND ITS IMPACT ON MODERN BANKING
I, Waseem Akram , bearing Roll No. 23GSOB2010710, a student at the School of Business, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, hereby declare that this thesis titled "THE FINTECH EVALUATION AND ITS IMPACT ON MODERN BANKING " is my original work. It has not been submitted for any other academic program or qualification at this or any other institution.
Copyright (c) 2025 Waseem Akram (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Social Advocacy: The Role of the Primary Health Care (PHC) Nurse as a Community Partner and Enabler of Community Self- Empowerment.
Advocacy, empowerment and consumerism are popular concepts that permeate today’s health agenda especially with the paradigm shift from a seemingly professional-led service to a user-led service. Nurses, over the years, have intuitively seen themselves as patient advocates, as they mediate between patient and community resources, between patient and medical services and between patient and family. This paper explores the many ways that the nurse can safeguard the interest of individual patients in health care.
Social Advocacy, Advocacy, Empowerment, Consumerism,Nurses, Health care
Copyright (c) 2025 Agbedia Clara, Aikabeli Priscilla (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
MENTAL WELL-BEING OF GRADUATE SCHOOL STUDENTS OF THE NUEVA VIZCAYA STATE UNIVERSITY: ITS CORRELATION WITH COPING STRATEGIES
This study examines the coping strategies and mental well-being of 77 graduate school students from the College of Teacher Education at Nueva Vizcaya State University for the academic year 2024-2025. Employing a quantitative research design using the descriptive-correlational method, data were collected through structured questionnaires and analyzed using statistical procedures such as mean, analysis of variance (F-test), and Pearson-r correlation, with hypotheses tested at a 0.05 level of significance. Findings indicate that the overall mental well-being of graduate students is generally positive, with social and professional well-being rated as very good, while emotional and physical well-being received the lowest ratings of good. coping strategies were found to be effective, with a strong preference for focus on positives and support coping, while evasive coping was the least utilized. Statistical analyses reveal no significant differences in mental well-being and coping strategies across academic programs, suggesting that students experience similar challenges and employ comparable coping mechanisms. Furthermore, no significant relationship was found between mental well-being and coping strategies, indicating their independence. Based on these insights, a training program was developed to enhance key areas of well-being and coping, ensuring sustained support for students' academic and personal resilience.
coping strategies, intervention program, mental well being
Copyright (c) 2025 Noel V. Sadinas, MARJORIE B. GOMEZ- SIMPLICIANO, WILHELMINA C. BULLECER, PhD (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
E-LEARNING AND DIGITAL PEDAGOGY IN NIGERIAN UNIVERSITIES FOR STUDENTS' LEARNING IN SOUTH-WESTERN NIGERIA
The purpose of this study is to investigate the process of digital pedagogy uptake, utilization, and efficacy at a selection of universities located in Southwestern Nigeria. A mixed-methods strategy was utilized to collect data from a total of 300 students and 100 instructors through the use of structured surveys. Finally, descriptive and inferential statistics were utilized to analyze the extracted information. According to the data, younger students between the ages of 18 and 25 are the most active users of e-learning platforms, whilst older professors (those aged 36 and older) are less engaged, most likely because of their lower level of digital competency. The utilization of digital learning technologies, like Learning Management Systems (LMS) and mobile learning apps, continues to be lower among professors than it is among students, despite the ubiquitous availability of these resources. With 85 percent of respondents believing that digital pedagogy enhances knowledge, engagement, and accessibility to resources, the findings suggest that digital pedagogy has a beneficial impact on the outcomes of learning.However, the full adoption of digital pedagogy is impeded by challenges such as inadequate infrastructure, limited technical support, and poor internet accessibility. The study, using a chi-square test, has shown a statistically significant correlation (p < 0.05) between digital pedagogy and learning outcomes. To fully harness the benefits of e-learning at Nigerian universities, the study underscores the need for urgent improvements in faculty training, infrastructure, and the implementation of policy interventions.
Digital Pedagogy, E-Learning, Learning Outcomes, Higher Education, Nigeria
Copyright (c) 2025 Dr Lucky Julius ILAVBARE (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Protection of Forests and Wildlife: Legal Frameworks and Challenges
The protection of forests and wildlife is critical for maintaining ecological balance, preserving biodiversity, and mitigating climate change. Over the years, various legal frameworks at national and international levels have been developed to safeguard these natural resources. These frameworks aim to prevent deforestation, curb poaching, and protect endangered species. However, despite these legal efforts, challenges persist in enforcing laws due to factors like weak governance, corruption, economic pressures, and conflicting interests. This paper examines key legal frameworks aimed at protecting forests and wildlife, explores the challenges that hinder effective enforcement, and discusses potential solutions to overcome these barriers to conservation.
Forest Conservation Laws, Wildlife Protection, Legal Frameworks, Environmental Governance, Biodiversity Preservation
Copyright (c) 2025 Mohd Shad, Imran khan, Kalpana Raj, Rashmi, Shivani Kumari (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
POLITICAL MARGINALIZATION AND POLITICS OF ROTATIONAL SYSTEM IN NIGERIA’S FOURTH REPUBLIC
This paper examined the phenomenon of political marginalization and politics of the rotational system in Nigeria's Fourth Republic. The concept of marginalization in relation to politics has been widely studied in both the literature and empirical studies. The study was guided by three objectives and three research questions. John Rawl’s theory of justice which emph on procedural method of distributing political rights and economic benefits was adopted. Descriptive quantitative survey was used for the study while one (1) Senatorial zone each was chosen – from Kwara and Kaduna States for the population of the study. Probability proportionate cluster sampling technique were used in distributing the questionnaire two hundred and fifty (250) research participants were sampled. Data were collected using both primary and secondary sources. The instrument for data collection were validated by team of supervisors and experts in Language and Statistics for content, face and construct validity. The reliability of the instrument was conducted through the use of Cronbach Alpha with the help of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0.data collected from respondents were analyzed by the descriptive and inferential statistical methods. The findings of the study revealed that: the political marginalization has not significantly motivated the politics of rotational system in Nigeria. Also, there are unequal distribution of public resources and economic benefits across the selected zones compared to the advantaged zones in Kwara and Kaduna States respectively. And that, population has no significant impact on the rotational system in Nigeria’s Fourth (4th) Republic The study made the following recommendation among others: Government at all levels should promote a comprehensive democratic culture with all its intricacies that can take Nigeria closer to the emergence of stable, meaningful, purposeful and beneficial polity. And also, No ethnic group in the country should be marginalized as political position should not the monopoly of one section.
Copyright (c) 2025 Tunde Folawiyo HAMEED, Rasheed O Dauda (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Enlightening Minds: Promoting Education through Buddhist Principles in India
The goal of Buddhist education is to transform the personality into the highest form of humanity through moral, intellectual and spiritual perfection. These three abilities which complete human life undoubtedly lead man through worldly happiness to supramundane happiness which is the highest achievement that we all seek equally. Education is taught or expected to shape the character of a society. This article tries to discuss the teachings of Buddhism in ancient India. It is well known that the rise of Buddhism in India ushered in the golden age of Indian culture and civilization. The rise of Buddhism in India led to the establishment of many centers of learning that did not exist before. Buddhist education brought revolutionary changes in society. We still remember the glory of Nalanda University, Vikramshila University, Sonepuri University, Salwan University, Jagadhar University, Pandit Vihar University, Taxila University etc. This article also emphasizes the important role of Buddhist monasteries in promoting education in India and other Asian countries.
Education, Buddhist Principles India, Enlightenment, Wisdom, Learning, Cultural Heritage, Holistic Development
Copyright (c) 2025 Dr.Gedam. Kamalakar, Dr. Kandi Kamala (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
HOUSING LOW INCOME EARNERS IN LUSAKA, ZAMBIA: MYTH OR REALITY: THE CASE OF THE NATIONAL HOUSING AUTHORITY (NHA)
Housing problems particularly for low income earners have persisted inspite of the fact that the National Housing Authority (NHA) has been providing to the public high, medium and low cost housing units on both rental and outright purchase arrangement. This study sought to decribe the socio-economic profile of occupants of National housing authority low cost housing units in Lusaka district. This was in order to ascertain the extent to which the public housing agency had lived up to its manadate of providind decent accommodation to all income groupings. The was prmarily quantitave as it sough factual responses as opposed to attitudes and perceptions of respondents.The population for the Study was occupants of NHA’s low cost housing units at Bennie Mwiinga and Nyumba Yanga housing complexes as well as Director level officials from NHA. The sample size for the Study was 101.This was broken down into 100 occupants of NHA’s low cost housing units, as well as a key informant (senior official) from NHA. Having purposively selected the two housing complexes, 100 low cost housing occupants were selected randomly using a list of addresses which acted as a sampling frame. Low cost housing units were selected because they should normally be more affordable to low income earners compared to medium and high cost units. The key informant was selected purposively owing to their expertise in issues pertaining to low cost and low income housing. Both primary and secondary data sources were utilized. A structured questionnaire, with closed ended questions was used to collect data from occupants of NHA’s low cost housing units. .An interview guide, with open ended questions was employed to collect data from the NHA official.The data collected was analyzed using social statisticla package for sciencess ( SPSS) version 20. Qualitative data was analyzed thematically. The Study revealed two major findings. First, the housing initiatives already undertaken by NHA were unaffordable to low income earners.The Study concludes that NHA has not played a significant role in alleviating housing problems for low income earners due to a discrepancy between institutional mandate and operational approach. The Study recommends that the Government of Zambia should provide a matrix of conducive policy, institutional and financial measures that will enable NHA to effectively fulfill its mandate of contributing to the alleviation of housing problems among the low income earners in Zambia.
National housing authority, low income earners, housing problems
Copyright (c) 2025 Valentine Kalonje (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Critical Discussions of Earth Society and Satanic States’Authorities,Their Consequences on Family Life, Schooling and Higher Education.
The family with generations serve the mechanism of producing all types of knowledge, values, and judgment criteria for sorting the good from the ‘Satanic’ bad. (God is embracing here the values of ‘family man and woman system’,sharing responsibilities, mutual trust, self-initiation“to building worthy humans, animals and plantations”.However, still remaining untouched oversize minority whois practicing heavily fatal conducts of bloody crimes, deadly bombing of civil honecent people, and commit blood sheds,brutalities, mass genocides of innocent peoples;violent bloody cold wars and other outlaws, that belong to “the Satanic Psychology of Human Race”.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ziad Hamdan (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Effectiveness of Flipped Classroom Approach (FCA) on Students’ Achievement and Retention in Chemical Equilibrium in High Schools in Jos, Plateau state – Nigeria
This study investigated the effect of Flipped Classroom Approach (FCA) on students’ achievement and retention in chemical equilibrium in Jos, Nigeria. It utilized a non-equivalent pretest-posttest control group design. The population comprised of the 22 public secondary schools with a sample of 77 students drawn from two secondary schools. 5 research questions and 5 hypotheses were formulated. The instrument for data collection was a 30 - multiple choice Chemical Equilibrium Achievement Test (ChEAT) with r = 0.79. The research questions were answered using mean and standard deviation while t-test and ANCOVA used to test the hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The results showed a significant difference in students’ achievement in favor of those taught using FCA. The results also revealed no significant difference between the achievement and retention scores of male and female students thereby implying that the use of FCA does not discriminate based on gender. The study recommended the use of FCA by chemistry teachers and the training of such teachers through workshops, seminars and conferences.
Flipped Classroom Aproach, Achievement, Retention
Copyright (c) 2025 Dr Ephraim J. Gongden (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Analyzing Evidence-Based Practices and Innovations in Behavioral Education to Support Effective Teaching and Learning Strategies, Comprehensive Systematic Review
This study examines evidence-based practices and innovations in behavioral education to enhance teaching strategies and student outcomes. Behavioral education integrates principles from behavioral science to address student needs, promote positive behaviors, and support inclusive learning environments. The research highlights the effectiveness of established interventions like Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports (PBIS), Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA), and Social-Emotional Learning (SEL). Moreover, emerging innovations, including gamified learning platforms, artificial intelligence, and mindfulness-based programs, are transforming the educational landscape. Challenges persist in implementing these practices, particularly in resource-constrained settings, but tailored interventions such as Individualized Education Plans (IEPs) and Universal Design for Learning (UDL) offer promising solutions. By synthesizing global, regional, and Ethiopian perspectives, this review provides actionable insights for educators, policymakers, and researchers. The findings underscore the importance of professional development, equitable resource allocation, and inclusive strategies to foster effective behavioral education and improve academic and social outcomes for all students.
Evidence-based Practices, Behavioral Education, Teaching Strategies, Learning Innovations
Copyright (c) 2025 Habatmu Debasu Belay (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Academic Status, Challenges, and Prospects of Students With Disabilities in Karat Town of Konso Zone Integrated Schools.
This study examines the academic status, challenges, and prospects of students with disabilities in integrated school settings in karat town of Konso Zone. The study utilized a convergent mixed research design. The findings revealed low academic statusamong students with disabilities in integrated school setting. Key challenges include a rigid curriculum, shortage of special needs education teachers, inaccessible physical environments, negative attitudes, communication barriers, lack of assistive learning materials, parental overload and limited participation in extracurricular activities. Academic prospects of students with disabilities have when schools provide accessible environments and sufficient assistive learning materials, students with disabilities are able to meet academic standards and pursue their education successfully. Moreover, the result of multiple regression (p=.00) proved that the predictor and residence variable had strong relationship and there is no multi-collinearity problem and they are auto-correlated. The result of two-way ANOVA indicated that the variables are statistically significant (P<0.05), we will reject the null hypothesis. Finally, the recommendations emphasize the school should make accessible and become active inclusion of students with disabilities.
Academic challenges, Academic prospects, Academic status, Integratedprimary schools, Student with disabilities.
Copyright (c) 2025 Eshetu Tessema, B., Tesfaye Kabtyimer, M, Debasu Belay, H (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
The contribution of field trips to learning: Greek teachers’ beliefs
Although there have been numerous studies examining the impacts of fieldtrips, few studies have carefully examined Greek teacher’s perspective toward these experiences The aim of this study is to investigate Greek senior high-school teachers’ beliefs as far as the contribution of field trips to experiential learning is concerned and analyze their impact on student development. This study uses qualitative methods with semi-structured interviews of 20 teachers. The findings suggest that teachers view field trips as an important learning experience that facilitate and improve knowledge. The study concludes that field trips positively affect learning, empathy and critical thinking skills.
field trips, teaching, learning, teachers, experience
Copyright (c) 2025 Evaggelia Zotou (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
A Review of the Human Trafficking and the Opening Up of Borders in Africa
Africa Continental Free Trade Area is meant to enhance interdependence, connectivity, and integration on a global level and leads to increased economic prosperity and opportunities in emerging economies. However, its benefits are not without faults. The shortcomings include human trafficking and drug trafficking. Based on desktop research, this paper examines the relationship between the opening of borders in Africa and human trafficking. Meanwhile, Africa is heading for a continental free trade area; the world’s most shameful crimes of trade in humans persist. The inhumane trade in human robs vulnerable and jobless Africans of their dignity while they strive to make ends meet. Opening of borders and the porousness of the frontiers complicates mechanism for combating crimes related to human trafficking. As well, lack of political will compounds the problem of regulating the crimes. This paper offers recommendations to combat the problems of human trafficking while maintaining the Africa Continental Free Trade Area.
Human Trafficking, Opening up of Borders, Africa Continental Free Trade Area
Copyright (c) 2025 Brivery Siamabele, Mumba H Moonga, Matildah Kaliba, Mubita Aurick, Valentine Kalonje, Rudo Phiri Mumba (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
SOYA BEANS PRODUCTION AND RURAL LIVELIHOODS: A CASE STUDY OF NTATUMBILA VILLAGE OF NAKONDE DISTRICT, ZAMBIA
Rural societies have remained underdeveloped and impoverished due to challenges in generating the income necessary to improve their well-being. Traditionally, these communities consist of small holder farmers who primarily grow crops that only meet their subsistence needs. However, the cultivation of soya beans in rural areas has been argued to significantly enhance livelihoods. Soya bean farming has enabled small-scale farmers to diversify into growing additional crops, which have generated extra income for improved infrastructure, access to quality healthcare, and enhanced food security in rural communities. This study found that soya bean cultivation has the potential to uplift the rural livelihoods of small-scale farmers, largely due to its high market value. This market advantage has allowed farmers to diversify their agricultural activities, leading to broader improvements in community well-being. In Ntatumbila village, increased soya bean cultivation among small-scale farmers has resulted in higher income, better nutrition, affordable livestock feed, and improved housing infrastructure. The study concluded that soya bean cultivation holds significant potential to enhance rural livelihoods and food security. It called for coordinated efforts by the Ministry of Agriculture, civil society organizations focused on climate change, agro-financial institutions, and agro-dealers to develop strategies that support small-scale farmers in expanding soybean production to improve rural livelihoods and food security.
Soya beans, small-scale farmers, livelihoods, rural community, food security
Copyright (c) 2025 Jackson Nyirenda, Brivery Siamabele, Valentine Kalonje, Themba Mapulanga, Rudo Phiri Mumba (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Canine Leptospirosis: How Can I Get Up-to-Date Information on Diagnosis and Treatment?
Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease of worldwide distribution that commonly affects dogs and to a lesser extent cats, cows and pigs, is caused by free-living spirochetes Endo flagellates, the most common clinical signs of the disease are fever, acute kidney and liver failure, it is transmitted through contact of mucous membranes with contaminated urine, through venereal route and bites among other ways, it is reported throughout the world and especially in tropical and temperate areas where the presence of streams and water courses promote the activity of rodents that are asymptomatic carriers of the bacteria, the diagnosis is complicated by the variety of clinical signs that can occur and is achieved through laboratory tests such as the microscopic agglutination test (MAT), through indirect hemagglutination assays or through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and in urine cultures it can be identified by dark field microscopy and PCR. Hematological findings commonly include thrombocytopenia, vasculitis and endothelial damage caused by circulating bacteria. Platelet adhesion and activation of the coagulation cascade are also generated. Mild to moderate anemia may be found as a result of generalized inflammation of the system or due to blood loss at the level of the respiratory or gastrointestinal system. In the white series, leukocytosis with neutrophilia is present as a result of systemic inflammation. The disease is prevented through vaccination, which is useful but limited to the available serovars. The duration of immunity is one year, so it is recommended to revaccinate year after year. In puppies, it can be started from one month of age with a booster at 2 to 4 weeks. Treatment depends on the severity of the symptoms but is based on the use of antibiotics to reduce or eliminate the bacterial load. This document can help generate a collection of important data to understand the pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of leptospirosis. Using this methodology, valuable literature from different geographic areas can be investigated and the best guidelines for the management of leptospirosis cases can be compared, thus providing up-to-date information for use by veterinary medical professionals.
Teacher Education, Life-long learning, Professional development.
Copyright (c) 2025 Bravo, C., Navarro, C. (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
The importance of the continuous professional development of educators for the improvement of the quality of the educational work
The professional development of teachers is necessary not only for themselves and their personal development but also for the upgrading of the educational process, something that also benefits the students. This period is important because it is the first time that the teacher is confronted with the real working conditions that he will face for many years. But these first years are considered crucial for the attitude he will maintain both towards his profession and his professional development. This is also the topic that will be addressed in this paper. That is, how the newly appointed teachers are received and how this may affect their professional development.
Teacher Education, Life-long learning, Professional development
Copyright (c) 2025 Christos Pappas (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0